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Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids · CAPE Biology Unit 1

75 past-paper questions on Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids, part of Genetics, Variation and Natural Selection, from every CAPE Biology Unit 1 paper on Quelpr.

Practise Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids
  1. 2(a)(i)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)Briefly outline the role of DNA in genetic inheritance.
  2. 2(a)(i)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)Complete Table 1 by writing the correct answers in the relevant spaces in the table.
  3. 2(a)(i)6 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)Give a concise description of the events occurring at the steps labelled 1, 2 and 3 in Figure 2.
  4. 2(a)(i)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)Using a simplified diagram of a small section of ribonucleic acid (RNA), describe the structure of RNA. Note: Details of the chemical composition of components are NOT required.
  5. 2(a)(ii)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)In the box labelled A in Figure 2, sketch a diagrammatic representation of the tRNA molecule carrying the next amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.
  6. 2(a)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)Comment on the role of m-RNA in eukaryotes.
  7. 2(a)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)DNA replication is regarded as being semi-conservative. Comment on the significance of this method of replication.
  8. 2(b)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(i)What is the term used to describe EACH group of three bases on the mRNA and tRNA?
  9. 2(b)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(ii)Using the mRNA strand below, identify the corresponding triplet bases on the tRNA molecules. Write your answer in the boxes provided. Hint: Begin at the 5′ end. mRNA 5′ UGG UUU GGC UCA 3′
  10. 2(b)(iii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(iii)Outline the nucleotide sequence on the DNA strand which serves as the template for the mRNA strand in (b) (ii).
  11. 4(c)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q4 4(c)Discuss the outcome of this deficiency on the function of cellular ribosomes.
  12. 5(a)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q5 5(a)Describe the roles of DNA and RNA in protein synthesis.
  13. 5(a)10 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q5 5(a)With the aid of a diagram, explain how the information stored in a gene is used to synthesize RNA.
  14. 5(a)(ii)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q5 5(a)(ii)Using sickle-cell anaemia as the example, explain the sequence of changes triggered by the gene mutation that leads to the cells becoming sickle shaped.
  15. 5(b)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q5 5(b)Using an example, briefly explain how proteins are responsible for the phenotype of organisms.
  16. 5(b)(i)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q5 5(b)(i)Describe the basic structure of RNA and explain how it differs from the structure of DNA.
  17. 5(b)(ii)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q5 5(b)(ii)Both DNA and RNA are involved in protein synthesis but they perform different roles. Differentiate between the roles played by DNA and RNA in protein synthesis.
  18. 6(a)(i)6 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q6 6(a)(i)Explain how the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule is related to the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA molecule.
  19. 6(a)(i)10 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q6 6(a)(i)Describe the structure of the DNA molecule.
  20. 6(a)(ii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q6 6(a)(ii)Outline how the structure of RNA differs from that of DNA.
  21. 6(a)(ii)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q6 6(a)(ii)Explain how the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA molecule is related to the order in which the t-RNA molecules align specific amino acids.
  22. 6(b)10 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q6 6(b)Discuss how changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA can result in changes in the structure and functioning of erythrocytes in sickle cell anaemia.
  23. 6(b)(i)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q6 6(b)(i)How is the precise and accurate folding of globular proteins influenced by the organism's DNA?
  24. 6(b)(ii)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q6 6(b)(ii)How is the erroneous formation of haemoglobins in sickle-cell anaemia influenced by the organism's DNA?
  25. 7(a)10 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q7 7(a)Describe the roles of DNA, mRNA, rRNA and tRNA in the processes of transcription and translation.
  26. 7(c)6 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q7 7(c)Discuss the effect this compound would have on DNA and its replication and predict how RNA and its formation might be affected by this agent.
  27. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 · Paper 1Which of the following is NOT represented by the region labelled X?
  28. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 · Paper 1Which of the following events occurs in transcription as well as in replication of DNA?
  29. Q191 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 · Paper 1The amino-acid sequence leucine-lysine-valine occurs in a portion of a polypeptide molecule. The table below shows the DNA codes for these amino-acids. \begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline \text{Leucine} & \text{Lysine} &…
  30. Q351 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 · Paper 1In the hereditary disease, sickle-cell anaemia, the amino acid, glutamic acid, found in normal haemoglobin, is substituted at a particular location by the amino acid valine. The codon for glutamic acid is GAA. The…
  31. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 (Specimen) · Paper 1Which of the following molecules are required to activate amino acids for attachment during translation in protein synthesis?
  32. Q351 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 (Specimen) · Paper 1The coding DNA triplet for glutamic acid is CTT. This mutates to CAT in sickle cell haemoglobin. The complementary mRNA codon for sickle cell anemia is
  33. Q161 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2008 (Rest of Region) · Paper 1The following are the events in transcription. I RNA nucleotides are bonded together. II Hydrogen bonds between bases are broken. III The mRNA formed leaves the nucleus. IV Activated RNA nucleotides pair up with…
  34. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2008 (Rest of Region) · Paper 1Item 17 refers to the diagram below showing a segment of a strand of DNA. The base X is
  35. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2008 (Rest of Region) · Paper 1Item 18 refers to the following information. The sequence of bases in one strand of DNA from part of a gene is ACC CCA TTT CAT CCA. The table below shows the anticodons of some tRNA molecules and the specific amino…
  36. Q121 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 1Which of the following bonds is represented by the broken lines (---) in the diagram above?
  37. Q161 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 1The base X is
  38. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 1What type of bonds are used to link nucleotides together to form a polynucleotide?
  39. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 1Why is the copied portion of the DNA longer than that of the functional mRNA molecule produced from it?
  40. Q221 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 1The mRNA molecule transcribed from the DNA does NOT contain
  41. Q231 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 1Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between RNA and DNA?
  42. Q161 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2010 · Paper 1Which of the following types of bonds holds together the two strands of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?
  43. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2010 · Paper 1The copying of a DNA strand to produce a strand of mRNA is
  44. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2010 · Paper 1Item 18 refers to the diagram below showing a segment of a strand of DNA. The base X is
  45. Q281 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2010 · Paper 1The phenotype of an organism is BEST explained as those visible characteristics that
  46. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2011 · Paper 1Which of the following gives the correct sequence of events in the replication of DNA? I. Bonds between complementary bases break. II. Bonds between complementary bases form. III. Opposite strands separate. IV. Free…
  47. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2011 · Paper 1Item 18 refers to the diagram below showing part of a DNA molecule. Which of the following correctly identifies the sequence of bases of the mRNA strand produced during transcription?
  48. Q191 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2011 · Paper 1One role of transfer RNA in protein synthesis is to
  49. Q281 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2011 · Paper 1The phenotype of an organism is BEST explained as those visible characteristics that
  50. Q161 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2012 · Paper 1The base X is
  51. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2012 · Paper 1Which of the following gives the correct sequence of events in the replication of DNA? I. Bonds between complementary bases break. II. Bonds between complementary bases form. III. Opposite strands separate. IV. Free…
  52. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2012 · Paper 1Which of the following correctly identifies the sequence of bases of the mRNA strand produced during transcription?
  53. Q191 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2012 · Paper 1Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between RNA and DNA?
  54. Q161 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2013 · Paper 1Which of the following diagrams illustrates the semi-conservative method of replication of DNA?
  55. Q191 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2013 · Paper 1One role of transfer RNA in protein synthesis is to
  56. Q161 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2014 · Paper 1Which of the following diagrams illustrates the semi-conservative method of replication of DNA?
  57. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2014 · Paper 1Item 17 refers to the following process of transcription occurring in a cell nucleus. The base sequence of the codon labelled X is
  58. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2014 · Paper 1Item 18 refers to the following process of translation occurring at a ribosome in a cell that synthesises enzymes. The structure, P, MOST likely represents
  59. Q161 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2015 · Paper 1Which of the following is found in both DNA and transfer RNA?
  60. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2015 · Paper 1In protein synthesis, which two of the molecules illustrated below are involved in the process of transcription?
  61. Q181 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2015 · Paper 1Which of the following amino acid sequences would be produced from information coded on the DNA strand shown below? ATGGCCAATGGCGAT
  62. Q191 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2015 · Paper 1Which of the following is NOT a feature of the genetic code?
  63. Q201 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2015 · Paper 1The following diagram shows the structure of a tRNA molecule. Which letter, A, B, C or D, indicates the position on the molecule where the amino acid would be attached?
  64. 2(b)(i)2 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2019 · Paper 2Complete the missing codons in the boxes labelled A and B in Figure 3.
  65. 2(a)(i)5 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2021 · Paper 2Provide labels on Figure 2 to identify the components labelled S, T, U, and V.
  66. 2(a)(ii)1 mark· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2021 · Paper 2Draw a circle around a section of Figure 2 to identify a single nucleotide.
  67. 2(a)(iii)1 mark· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2021 · Paper 2State how two nucleotides in a DNA molecule are held together.
  68. 2(a)(iv)4 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2021 · Paper 2Outline the roles of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) in polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
  69. 2(b)(ii)3 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2021 · Paper 2Outline how low oxygen saturation causes red blood cells to change into a sickle shape.
  70. 2(a)(i)4 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2026 · Paper 2Complete Table 2 by identifying the differences between DNA and RNA regarding sugar component and stability.
  71. 2(a)(ii)2 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2026 · Paper 2State the location of mRNA and DNA in a cell.
  72. 2(a)(iii)3 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2026 · Paper 2Explain how complementary base pairing ensures the accurate replication of DNA.
  73. 2(a)(iv)3 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2026 · Paper 2During transcription, the template strand of DNA contained 34% cytosine and 16% adenine bases. Determine the percentages of Guanine, Uracil, and Thymine in the strand of mRNA formed.
  74. 2(c)(i)1 mark· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2026 · Paper 2State ONE role of the template strand of DNA during transcription.
  75. 2(c)(ii)9 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2026 · Paper 2Explain how EACH mutation shown in Figure 4 (Mutation X, Mutation Y, and Mutation Z) could affect the polypeptide formed during gene expression, using the information given in Table 4.

Related topics in Genetics, Variation and Natural Selection