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Patterns of Inheritance · CAPE Biology Unit 1

80 past-paper questions on Patterns of Inheritance, part of Genetics, Variation and Natural Selection, from every CAPE Biology Unit 1 paper on Quelpr.

Practise Patterns of Inheritance
  1. 2(a)(i)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)State the term used to describe the interaction of the two genes described above, and give an explanation of the nature of the interaction.
  2. 2(a)(i)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)In Figure 2, insert the appropriate alleles which correspond to the phenotypes of A, B and C given the following characteristics:
  3. 2(a)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)State the term which describes the interaction of these two genes.
  4. 2(a)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)State the expected ratio for the cross of the F₁ offspring.
  5. 2(a)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)State the genotype of the F1 plant.
  6. 2(a)(i)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(i)State the genotypes of the following: A normal clotting male; A normal clotting carrier female.
  7. 2(a)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)Define the terms 'allele' and 'dominant'.
  8. 2(a)(ii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)State the phenotype of the F1 plant.
  9. 2(a)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)State an appropriate null (H₀) hypothesis and an appropriate alternative (H₁) hypothesis for a Chi-square test of the results.
  10. 2(a)(ii)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)Draw a Punnett square in the following box to illustrate a test cross involving a pea variety which is heterozygous for seed type. State the ratio of the phenotypes for the offspring.
  11. 2(a)(ii)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)Using the genotypes stated in (i) as parental genotypes, construct a Punnett square diagram to show how haemophilia-affected offspring can result from normal clotting parents. State the phenotype of all offspring.
  12. 2(a)(ii)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(ii)Crosses between black mice, all heterozygous for both genes, produced offspring with black, brown and white coat colour. Determine the ratio of the phenotypes and for EACH phenotype suggest ONE genotype.
  13. 2(a)(iii)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(iii)Complete Table 2 by calculating the missing values.
  14. 2(a)(iii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(iii)Give an explanation as to why a man with haemophilia cannot pass on the condition to his son.
  15. 2(a)(iii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(iii)Distinguish between 'a gene' and 'an allele'.
  16. 2(a)(iii)5 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(iii)In the space provided, draw a genetic diagram to explain the cross.
  17. 2(a)(iv)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(iv)Determine the number of degrees of freedom. Show your calculation.
  18. 2(a)(v)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(a)(v)Using the Chi-square values in Table 3, comment on the validity of the null hypothesis stated on page 5.
  19. 2(b)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)State the FOUR different combinations of the alleles carried in the gametes of this F1 dihybrid plant (plant produced in (a) above).
  20. 2(b)(i)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(i)Briefly explain the nature of the relationship between the alleles in the AB blood group.
  21. 2(b)(i)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(i)Determine the genotype of EACH phenotypic category in Table 1, using the symbols given. Write your answers in Table 1.
  22. 2(b)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(i)Based on the type of cross, deduce the expected ratio of the phenotypes.
  23. 2(b)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(i)State the null hypothesis for this test.
  24. 2(b)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(ii)Suggest a null hypothesis for the test cross in (b).
  25. 2(b)(ii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(ii)formulate a possible null hypothesis for the Chi-square test.
  26. 2(b)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(ii)Calculate Chi-square using the formula, Chi-square = Σ(Ο - E)²/E, where O is the observed and E the expected number of plants. Show your working in tabular form as follows.
  27. 2(b)(ii)a)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(ii)a)Deduce the blood genotype of the accused male which will clearly prove that he is NOT the father of the child. Give a brief explanation to justify your answer. Blood genotype of male (no symbols required): Justification:
  28. 2(b)(ii)b)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(ii)b)If the male parent in (b) (ii) a) above has blood type B, demonstrate the inheritance of the blood type (O) of the child. Use the given symbols and a Punnett square.
  29. 2(b)(iii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(iii)Complete Table 2 by writing the missing values in the relevant spaces.
  30. 2(b)(iii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(iii)State the formula for, and determine the number of degrees of freedom in the Chi-square test performed in (b)(ii), briefly explaining any terms used.
  31. 2(b)(iii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(iii)Use the data in Table 2 on page 10 to make an inference based on your calculated Chi-square value.
  32. 2(b)(iv)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(iv)Using the table of probabilities provided below, and with reference to the calculated Chi-square value from Table 2, evaluate the validity of the hypothesis.
  33. 2(b)(iv)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(iv)Use the calculated value of χ² (10.81) and the probabilities provided in Table 2 to find the probability of the results of the cross departing significantly by chance from the expected ratio. State your findings.
  34. 2(b)(v)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(b)(v)What conclusion may be drawn from the probability found in (b)(iv)?
  35. 2(c)(i)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(c)(i)Use the Punnett Square shown in Table 1 to show the genotypes of the F2 generation of this dihybrid cross.
  36. 2(c)(ii)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(c)(ii)Give the ratio of red : pink : white flowers.
  37. 2(d)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(d)Complete the Chi-squared calculation in Table 2 and the final Chi-squared sum using the formula provided.
  38. 2(e)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(e)(i)How did the students determine the degrees of freedom?
  39. 2(e)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(e)(ii)The students checked the 5% probability in order to determine whether the result was significant or insignificant. What was their decision, and why?
  40. 2(e)(iii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q2 2(e)(iii)If the Chi-squared value had been 7.0, what information could have been gained concerning the results of the monohybrid cross experiment?
  41. 3(a)3 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q3 3(a)In the space below, using appropriate symbols for these characteristics, set out the genetic cross which produces the F₁ plants.
  42. 3(b)(i)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q3 3(b)(i)Complete Table 1 to determine the probability that the differences between the observed and expected results are due to chance.
  43. 3(b)(ii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q3 3(b)(ii)x² is calculated from the formula Σ (O - E)² / E. Determine the value of x² from the data in Table 1. Use Table 2 to select the critical x² value.
  44. 3(c)(i)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q3 3(c)(i)State the critical value of x² from Table 2.
  45. 3(c)(ii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q3 3(c)(ii)Do your results imply a significant or insignificant difference between the observed and expected results?
  46. 8(a)10 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(a)Using ONE example of epistasis, explain how and why the F2 phenotypes of a dihybrid cross might fail to show the normal 9:3:3:1 ratio for the two characters.
  47. 8(a)(i)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(a)(i)What is meant by the term 'Gene'?
  48. 8(a)(i)14 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(a)(i)Explain the nature of inheritance of the allele for haemophilia.
  49. 8(a)(ii)2 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(a)(ii)What is meant by the term 'Allele'?
  50. 8(a)(ii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(a)(ii)Explain why none of Queen Victoria's female offsprings were haemophiliacs.
  51. 8(a)(iii)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(a)(iii)Draw a genetic diagram to show the inheritance of the haemophilia allele in the children of Leopold Duke of Albany.
  52. 8(a)(iv)1 mark· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(a)(iv)Explain the inheritance of the human ABO blood group.
  53. 8(b)8 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(b)Explain the operation of multiple alleles in the ABO Blood Grouping System in humans and use genetic diagrams to show how parents with A (mother) and B (father) blood types may produce a family with all four types of…
  54. 8(b)6 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(b)Clarify the sequential steps to be taken when using the Chi-squared test to determine the significance of the results. The formula for conducting a Chi-squared test is X² = Σ(O-E)²/E
  55. 8(b)(i)6 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(b)(i)Show how you would set out a table to apply the formula: x² = Σ ((O-E)²/E) to find the value of x² where O is the observed and E the expected result.
  56. 8(b)(ii)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(b)(ii)Once x² is known, how would you use a table of x² values to determine the probability that the difference between observed and expected results is due to chance alone?
  57. 8(c)(i)4 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(c)(i)What are sex chromosomes and how do they control the inheritance of sex?
  58. 8(c)(ii)6 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q8 8(c)(ii)With the aid of a genetic diagram, explain sex linkage, showing how it is possible for a normal sighted woman and a normal sighted man to have colour-blind sons.
  59. 9(b)10 marks· Biology · Unit 1 Q9 9(b)Design a series of genetic crosses to demonstrate theoretically, how you could obtain plants which produce only red frilled flowers.
  60. Q301 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 · Paper 1Flower colour in a certain species of plant can be white, light pink or dark pink. There are two hypotheses to explain this: Hypothesis 1: There are two co-dominant alleles. Hypothesis 2: There are three alleles, one…
  61. Q311 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 · Paper 1Two parents, both of blood group A, have a son of blood group A. The probability that their next child will have blood group O is
  62. Q321 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 · Paper 1Which females are heterozygous for the disorder?
  63. Q311 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2007 (Specimen) · Paper 1Item 31 refers to the following information. In tomatoes: R - red fruit (dominant) r - yellow fruit T - tall plant (dominant) t - short plant Both genes are on different chromosomes. A tomato plant homozygous for…
  64. Q211 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2008 (Rest of Region) · Paper 1Mendel crossed pure-breeding round and yellow peas with pure-breeding wrinkled and green peas. The \text{F}_1 seeds were round and yellow. The \text{F}_1 seeds were self-pollinated and the seeds of the \text{F}_2…
  65. Q221 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2008 (Rest of Region) · Paper 1A plant breeder crossed two tall, pink-flowered plants, the offspring of which are shown below. \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|} \hline \multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Height}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{Flower colour}} \\…
  66. Q231 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2008 (Rest of Region) · Paper 1Which of the following statements BEST explains a null hypothesis?
  67. Q241 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 1Two parents, both of blood group B, have a son with blood group O. The probability that their next child will have blood group B is
  68. Q271 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2010 · Paper 1Self-fertilization between \text{F}_1 plants produced an \text{F}_2 generation in which one plant had red flowers, two had pink flowers and one had white flowers. Which of the following does this experiment…
  69. Q231 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2011 · Paper 1When a cross was made between a purebreeding pea plant with green, round seeds and a purebreeding plant with yellow, wrinkled seeds, all of the \text{F}_1 progeny had yellow round seeds. Which of the following ratios…
  70. Q241 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2011 · Paper 1A null hypothesis is BEST described as a hypothesis which
  71. Q221 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2012 · Paper 1Which of the following statements BEST explains a null hypothesis?
  72. Q231 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2012 · Paper 1When a cross was made between a purebreeding pea plant with green, round seeds and a pure breeding plant with yellow, wrinkled seeds, all of the \text{F}_1 progeny had yellow round seeds. Which of the following…
  73. Q171 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2013 · Paper 1A guinea pig with black, smooth hair (Bbrr) is crossed with a guinea pig with white rough hair (bbRr). What is the probability that an offspring will have white, smooth hair?
  74. Q221 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2014 · Paper 1Items 22–23 refer to the following information. A particular breed of domestic cats can have either black, white or brown fur colour. The dominant allele, B, of one gene gives black fur and the recessive allele, b,…
  75. Q231 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2014 · Paper 1Items 22–23 refer to the following information. A particular breed of domestic cats can have either black, white or brown fur colour. The dominant allele, B, of one gene gives black fur and the recessive allele, b,…
  76. Q241 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2015 · Paper 1The genotype wwAa is
  77. Q251 mark · multiple choice· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2015 · Paper 1What is the phenotypic ratio of the F_2 from a cross between two F_1 with the genotype WwAa?
  78. 2(a)(i)2 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2024 · Paper 2State the expected offspring phenotype ratio of the test cross.
  79. 2(a)(ii)4 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2024 · Paper 2Complete the shaded boxes in Table 1 to determine the value of chi-squared (χ²), to two decimal places.
  80. 2(a)(iii)2 marks· CAPE Biology Unit 1 · May/June 2024 · Paper 2Outline a suitable conclusion based on the results obtained in (a)(ii), if the critical chi-squared value for three degrees of freedom at p = 0.05 is 7.82.

Related topics in Genetics, Variation and Natural Selection