CSEC Human and Social Biology · May/June 2009 · Paper 2

91 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)(i)2 marksFrom the given list (respiration, digestion, osmosis, photosynthesis), identify the processes at I and II in Figure 1 and write the answers in the spaces provided.
2. 1(a)(ii)1 markName the structure in the lungs responsible for gaseous exchange.
3. 1(b)(i)3 marksExplain the role of nitrifying bacteria in making nitrates available to plants.
4. 1(b)(ii)2 marksExplain how nitrates in the soil are returned to the atmosphere as nitrogen gas.
5. 1(c)2 marksSuggest TWO other ways, besides the production of biogas, in which human beings can utilize decomposers to benefit their daily lives.
6. 2(a)(i)3 marksName the endocrine glands labelled A, B, and C in Figure 2.
7. 2(a)(ii)3 marksExplain why the pancreas is considered as BOTH an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland.
8. 2(b)(i)1 markIdentify the hormone produced by the pancreas that is likely to be deficient in individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus.
9. 2(b)(ii)3 marksExplain how insulin functions to lower blood glucose levels.
10. 3(a)(i)2 marksDefine the term 'malnutrition'.
11. 3(a)(ii)3 marksDescribe THREE effects of anorexia nervosa on an individual.
12. 3(b)(i)1 markName ONE food that is high in fibre.
13. 3(b)(ii)1 markState ONE reason why fibre is important in the human diet.
14. 3(c)3 marksSuggest THREE functions of water in the human body.
15. 4(a)(i)1 markName ONE natural method of birth control.
16. 4(a)(ii)2 marksName TWO artificial methods of birth control other than the contraceptive pill.
17. 4(b)3 marksComplete the sentences using the appropriate words from the provided list (medical, natural, genetic, abuse, rape) regarding spontaneous and induced abortions.
18. 4(c)2 marksExplain how the contraceptive pill functions to prevent pregnancy.
19. 4(d)2 marksSuggest TWO benefits to a family of having a small number of children.
20. 5(a)(i)3 marksComplete the sentences by filling in the blanks using words from the list (damage, pain, lungs, intestines, bacterium, virus).
21. 5(a)(ii)1 markSuggest ONE method of treating someone who has typhoid.
22. 5(b)(i)2 marksExplain how a vector is different from a pathogen.
23. 5(b)(ii)2 marksIdentify the pathogen and the vector responsible for dengue fever.
24. 5(b)(iii)2 marksSuggest TWO symptoms of dengue fever.
25. 6(a)(i)1 markDefine the term 'drug abuse'.
26. 6(a)(ii)2 marksName TWO commonly abused legal (social) drugs in the Caribbean.
27. 6(b)(i)2 marksSuggest how smoking causes babies to be smaller than normal.
28. 6(b)(ii)1 markDescribe the effect of nicotine on infants when it passes across the placental barrier.
29. 6(b)(iii)1 markName ONE other way in which nicotine may be passed to an infant from the mother.
30. 6(c)2 marksSuggest TWO effects of maternal alcohol consumption on the foetus.
31. 6(d)1 markIdentify the form of immunity passed from mother to baby via breast milk.
32. 7(a)(i)2 marksDefine the term 'pollution'.
33. 7(a)(ii)1 markName ONE type of pollution other than air pollution.
34. 7(b)2 marksSuggest TWO pollutants resulting from vehicles, other than carbon dioxide.
35. 7(c)(i)3 marksComplete the sentences describing Figure 3 using words from the list: heat, light, CO2, radiation.
36. 7(c)(ii)2 marksSuggest TWO possible effects of global warming.
37. 8(a)(i)1 markExplain what is meant by 'non-biodegradable'.
38. 8(a)(ii)2 marksGive ONE example of a biodegradable waste material and ONE example of a non-biodegradable waste material.
39. 8(b)(i)1 markIdentify which word (reuse, reduce, recycle) best applies to placing bottles in a green bin and newspapers/magazines in a blue bin for collection.
40. 8(b)(ii)1 markIdentify which word (reuse, reduce, recycle) best applies to refilling a water bottle at the supermarket.
41. 8(b)(iii)1 markIdentify which word (reuse, reduce, recycle) best applies to bringing a basket and avoiding plastic packaging when buying vegetables.
42. 8(c)2 marksSuggest TWO negative effects of a dump.
43. 8(d)2 marksSuggest TWO benefits of proper disposal of household and industrial waste.
44. 9(a)(i)1 markDetermine whether the statement is true or false: 'All bacteria are parasites.'
45. 9(a)(ii)1 markDetermine whether the statement is true or false: 'There are harmful and useful bacteria.'
46. 9(a)(iii)1 markDetermine whether the statement is true or false: 'A virus is a non-cellular organism.'
47. 9(b)(i)1 markState what Zara does in Step 3 of the experiment shown in Figure 4.
48. 9(b)(ii)1 markDescribe what classmates should do at Step 2 to set up a control for this experiment.
49. 9(c)(i)1 markSuggest ONE other sign or symptom of cholera aside from diarrhoea.
50. 9(c)(ii)2 marksExplain how villagers may have contracted cholera from flood waters.
51. 9(d)(i)1 markExplain how HIV affecting T lymphocytes impacts the human immune system.
52. 9(d)(ii)1 markSuggest ONE method of preventing the spread of HIV.
53. 10(a)(i)1 markExplain what is meant by 'locomotion'.
54. 10(a)(ii)2 marksState TWO functions of the skeleton other than locomotion.
55. 10(b)2 marksSuggest TWO reasons why locomotion is important to human beings.
56. 10(c)(i)1 markState the function of tendons in the leg.
57. 10(c)(ii)1 markState the function of ligaments in the leg.
58. 10(d)(i)1 markState the function of cartilage in the knee joint.
59. 10(d)(ii)2 marksSuggest TWO effects that worn, thin cartilage will have when walking.
60. 11(a)3 marksComplete Table 1 to show THREE differences between mitosis and meiosis based on occurrence, chromosome number, and genetic variation.
61. 11(b)(i)1 markGive ONE example of continuous variation in human beings.
62. 11(b)(ii)1 markGive ONE example of discontinuous variation in human beings.
63. 11(c)(i)8 marksUsing a clearly labelled genetic diagram or Punnett square starting from carrier female (XH Xh) and normal male (XH Y-), show the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring to demonstrate how haemophilia is passed to one…
64. 11(c)(ii)2 marksIdentify which child, John or Jenny, inherited haemophilia, giving a reason for the answer.
65. 11(d)2 marksSuggest ONE sign of haemophilia and describe how it can be treated.
66. 11(e)(i)1 markState whether albinism is caused by dominant or recessive alleles.
67. 11(e)(ii)2 marksSuggest ONE distinguishing characteristic of an albino individual and ONE precaution they must take in daily life.
68. 12(a)(i)1 markExplain what is meant by 'sterilization' in relation to microorganisms.
69. 12(a)(ii)2 marksName TWO processes that use heat to preserve milk.
70. 12(a)(iii)1 markState ONE method of sterilizing instruments used in a hospital.
71. 12(a)(iv)1 markDefine what is meant by an 'antibiotic'.
72. 12(b)10 marksProvide advice on maintaining personal hygiene, including: TWO reasons for maintaining good personal hygiene, TWO methods of hand hygiene with reasons, and TWO methods of skin hygiene with reasons.
73. 12(c)(i)3 marksExplain how bacteria are transmitted to food when a housefly: a) feeds, b) walks, c) defecates.
74. 12(c)(ii)2 marksSuggest TWO methods for controlling houseflies.
75. 13(a)(i)3 marksList the first THREE steps in the large-scale water purification process prior to chlorination.
76. 13(a)(ii)1 markState the function of chlorination in water purification.
77. 13(a)(iii)1 markExplain why fluoride is sometimes added to drinking water.
78. 13(b)(i)2 marksSuggest TWO effects of obesity other than coronary heart disease.
79. 13(b)(ii)2 marksIdentify TWO school activities that can be undertaken to prevent obesity.
80. 13(b)(iii)5 marksProvide a report discussing THREE effects of alcohol on the human body and TWO effects of alcoholism on society.
81. 13(b)(iv)4 marksIdentify TWO signs or symptoms of gonorrhoea and TWO signs or symptoms of syphilis.
82. 13(b)(v)2 marksSuggest ONE method of treatment for gonorrhoea and ONE method of treatment for syphilis.
83. 14(a)5 marksIdentify the parts labelled A, B, C, D, and E in Figure 5 showing the heart and major blood vessels.
84. 14(b)4 marksExplain how the heart functions as a double pump.
85. 14(c)(i)1 markState the function of the pacemaker in the heart.
86. 14(c)(ii)1 markState the number of heart beats in one minute for an individual with a pulse rate of 72.
87. 14(c)(iii)2 marksSuggest TWO reasons why an individual's pulse rate may increase after lunch (e.g. from 72 to 82).
88. 14(d)(i)1 markSuggest ONE possible cause of atherosclerosis as illustrated in Figure 6.
89. 14(d)(ii)1 markState the effect that narrowed arteries with atherosclerosis have on blood pressure.
90. 14(d)(iii)1 markIdentify ONE difference in structure between an artery and a vein other than the thickness of the muscular wall.
91. 14(e)4 marksExplain how vasodilation and vasoconstriction of skin blood vessels regulate body temperature.