CSEC Human and Social Biology · January 2011 · Paper 2

93 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)(i)1 markName the type of organism that causes Typhoid.
2. 1(a)(ii)1 markName the type of organism that causes Dengue.
3. 1(a)(iii)1 markName the type of organism that causes Tuberculosis.
4. 1(b)2 marksIdentify TWO differences between bacteria and viruses.
5. 1(c)1 markSuggest ONE reason why a bacterium may be considered a plant cell.
6. 1(d)4 marksSuggest TWO signs/symptoms of cholera and TWO control measures to prevent its spread.
7. 2(a)3 marksComplete the statement describing the components of the human nervous system using the words: motor, sensory, central, spinal, peripheral.
8. 2(b)(i)1 markSuggest the region of the brain that may have been damaged in Melissa.
9. 2(b)(ii)1 markSuggest the region of the brain that may have been damaged in Melissa's father.
10. 2(c)(i)1 markWrite X on Figure 1 to show the hypothalamus.
11. 2(c)(ii)1 markSuggest ONE way bodily functions may be affected by a malfunctioning hypothalamus.
12. 2(d)(i)2 marksSuggest how Paul's insufficient thyroxine production would affect his physical and mental development.
13. 2(d)(ii)1 markIdentify ONE effect of an overactive thyroid gland on a human adult.
14. 3(a)2 marksState TWO functions of blood in the human body.
15. 3(b)1 markName the pigment that gives red blood cells their colour.
16. 3(c)(i)2 marksSuggest TWO differences observed under a microscope between red blood cells and white blood cells.
17. 3(c)(ii)1 markIdentify ONE feature of platelets that assists in their identification in a blood sample.
18. 3(c)(iii)1 markWhat role do platelets play in the human body?
19. 3(d)(i)2 marksExplain what is meant by 'atherosclerosis'.
20. 3(d)(ii)1 markSuggest ONE way an individual may prevent atherosclerosis.
21. 4(a)3 marksIdentify the structures labelled A, B and C in Figure 2.
22. 4(b)(i)a)1 markExplain why the lifeguard pressed the patient's head back and lower jaw upward.
23. 4(b)(i)b)1 markExplain why the lifeguard pressed down on the patient's chest.
24. 4(b)(ii)1 markSuggest which part of the brain is stimulated by carbon dioxide to restart breathing.
25. 4(c)(i)1 markName the type of organism that causes influenza.
26. 4(c)(ii)1 markSuggest how the organism that causes influenza is spread.
27. 4(c)(iii)2 marksIdentify TWO signs/symptoms of the flu.
28. 5(a)(i)1 markState ONE function of carbohydrates in the human body.
29. 5(a)(ii)1 markState ONE function of fats in the human body.
30. 5(a)(iii)1 markState ONE function of proteins in the human body.
31. 5(b)(i)2 marksExplain what is meant by a 'balanced diet'.
32. 5(b)(ii)3 marksWhich of the two lunches (Stella's or David's) is balanced? Explain your answer.
33. 5(c)(i)1 markWhich mineral is particularly important for the growth of teeth in an infant?
34. 5(c)(ii)1 markSuggest ONE vegetable that can serve as a source of this mineral.
35. 6(a)1 markName the organ that produces oestrogen.
36. 6(b)2 marksState TWO functions of oestrogen in the human female.
37. 6(c)5 marksOutline what occurs in EACH of the three stages of the birth process shown in Figure 3.
38. 6(d)(i)1 markSuggest the name of the disease or syndrome with which the baby is born.
39. 6(d)(ii)1 markName ONE other drug that could cause babies to be underweight at birth.
40. 7(a)(i)1 markWhat is meant by the term 'chromosome'?
41. 7(a)(ii)1 markWhat is meant by the term 'heterozygous'?
42. 7(b)1 markState the number of chromosomes found in human muscle cells.
43. 7(c)(i)4 marksOn Figure 4, write the genotypes for the offspring in the F1 generation.
44. 7(c)(ii)1 markName the child who is homozygous dominant.
45. 7(c)(iii)2 marksName ONE child who is short and ONE child who is tall.
46. 8(a)(i)2 marksWhat is meant by the term 'vector'?
47. 8(a)(ii)1 markName ONE vector found in the Caribbean region.
48. 8(b)(i)2 marksOutline TWO measures the community can undertake to control the further spread of leptospirosis.
49. 8(b)(ii)1 markSuggest ONE method of treatment for a person infected with leptospirosis.
50. 8(c)(i)1 markHow can an individual confirm whether or not they have AIDS?
51. 8(c)(ii)1 markIdentify ONE other sign or symptom of AIDS besides rapid weight loss.
52. 8(c)(iii)2 marksSuggest TWO means by which HIV is spread.
53. 9(a)(i)1 markWhat is meant by the term 'sterilization'?
54. 9(a)(ii)2 marksName TWO methods of sterilizing food or other materials.
55. 9(b)(i)1 markSuggest the effect of chlorine bleach on drinking water.
56. 9(b)(ii)2 marksExplain the function of chlorination in large-scale water purification.
57. 9(c)(i)2 marksExplain how artificial passive immunity protects the individual.
58. 9(c)(ii)2 marksOutline TWO differences between artificial passive immunity and artificial active immunity.
59. 10(a)3 marksList THREE structures common to plant and animal cells.
60. 10(b)(i)1 markUsing ONE arrow, show on Figure 5 the direction of net movement of water molecules.
61. 10(b)(ii)1 markWhich part of the container, A or B, has the greater concentration of water molecules?
62. 10(b)(iii)3 marksExplain the process of osmosis, using the illustration in Figure 5.
63. 10(c)(i)1 markName the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the alveoli.
64. 10(c)(ii)1 markIdentify ONE way in which osmosis differs from simple diffusion of gases.
65. 11(a)(i)2 marksExplain what is 'diabetes mellitus'.
66. 11(a)(ii)2 marksName the TWO types of diabetes mellitus.
67. 11(a)(iii)1 markName the hormone which, when deficient, causes diabetes mellitus.
68. 11(b)(i)1 markApproximately what percentage of the population was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in 2005?
69. 11(b)(ii)1 markApproximately what percentage of the population was considered obese in 2005?
70. 11(b)(iii)2 marksBy approximately how much had diabetes mellitus increased from 1980 to 2005?
71. 11(b)(iv)2 marksCompare the trends in diabetes mellitus and obesity between 1980 and 2005.
72. 11(c)(i)4 marksSuggest FOUR factors which may have contributed to obesity becoming a problem in the Caribbean.
73. 11(c)(ii)2 marksRecommend TWO lifestyle changes in managing obesity.
74. 11(d)3 marksExplain how obesity may affect blood pressure.
75. 12(a)(i)3 marksDescribe how a landfill is made.
76. 12(a)(ii)2 marksSorting is one activity performed in treating solid waste at a landfill. Name TWO other activities.
77. 12(b)(i)6 marksExplain the processes of incineration, recycling and composting.
78. 12(b)(ii)3 marksSuggest ONE advantage of using EACH of the processes in (b)(i).
79. 12(c)6 marksExplain how a community can prevent water pollution, including THREE distinct methods.
80. 13(a)(i)3 marksIdentify the parts labelled A, B and C in Figure 7.
81. 13(a)(ii)2 marksState the function of EACH of the parts labelled A and B in Figure 7.
82. 13(b)8 marksExplain how urine is formed, detailing the processes of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption.
83. 13(c)(i)2 marksSuggest TWO functions of the liver that would be impaired as a result of liver disease.
84. 13(c)(ii)3 marksIdentify THREE physiological effects of alcoholism other than tremors.
85. 13(c)(iii)2 marksSuggest TWO social effects that could arise as a result of alcoholism.
86. 14(a)(i)2 marksState what is meant by the term 'hormones'.
87. 14(a)(ii)a)1 markState ONE function of adrenaline.
88. 14(a)(ii)b)1 markState ONE function of glucagon.
89. 14(a)(iii)1 markName the gland that produces adrenaline.
90. 14(b)(i)4 marksProvide a definition of sexual reproduction and explain TWO advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction.
91. 14(b)(ii)5 marksWith the aid of Figure 8, describe how semen is produced.
92. 14(c)(i)4 marksExplain TWO disadvantages of very young teenage girls becoming pregnant.
93. 14(c)(ii)2 marksExplain what is meant by 'spontaneous abortion'.