CSEC Human and Social Biology · January 2008 · Paper 2

76 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)3 marksName THREE characteristics of living organisms.
2. 1(b)(i)1 markState whether the muscle in Mary's arm contracts or relaxes when she pulls away her arm.
3. 1(b)(ii)2 marksSuggest TWO features of the arm muscle that enable this response.
4. 1(b)(iii)3 marksDescribe the process that generates the energy needed for this movement.
5. 1(b)(iv)1 markIdentify whether the process in (iii) is aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
6. 2(a)(i)2 marksExplain what is meant by 'fertilisation' in relation to reproduction.
7. 2(a)(ii)1 markState whether fertilisation occurs during asexual or sexual reproduction.
8. 2(b)(i)4 marksDescribe how a developing foetus obtains food and oxygen across the placenta.
9. 2(b)(ii)2 marksGive TWO reasons why the foetal and maternal circulatory systems must remain separate.
10. 2(c)1 markGive ONE example of parental care following birth.
11. 3(a)(i)1 markState the name of the liquid component of blood.
12. 3(a)(ii)1 markName the oxygen-carrying pigment found in human blood.
13. 3(a)(iii)1 markName the type of blood cells responsible for fighting infection.
14. 3(b)(i)4 marksExplain the mechanism by which his body acts to stop bleeding.
15. 3(b)(ii)3 marksExplain how the body prevents infection of the open wounds.
16. 4(a)1 markDefine the term 'malnutrition'.
17. 4(b)(i)1 markExplain why this diet leads to constipation in the children.
18. 4(b)(ii)1 markName ONE food that helps prevent constipation.
19. 4(c)(i)a)1 markIdentify the vitamin deficiency that causes rickets.
20. 4(c)(i)b)1 markIdentify the vitamin deficiency that causes night blindness.
21. 4(c)(ii)a)1 markName ONE food source that prevents rickets.
22. 4(c)(ii)b)1 markName ONE food source that prevents night blindness.
23. 4(d)3 marksSuggest THREE nutrients other than carbohydrates and vitamins needed to balance the diet.
24. 5(a)3 marksComplete the life cycle diagram of the mosquito by filling in the missing stages.
25. 5(b)(i)2 marksDescribe how the Aedes aegypti mosquito transmits the dengue virus to humans.
26. 5(b)(ii)4 marksOutline TWO environmental control measures a community can undertake to reduce mosquito vectors, explaining why each is effective.
27. 5(b)(iii)1 markSuggest ONE domestic action, other than community measures, to reduce dengue transmission in the home.
28. 6(a)5 marksIdentify the hydrological processes labelled A, B, C, D, and E in Figure 2.
29. 6(b)(i)2 marksName TWO domestic methods used to purify drinking water.
30. 6(b)(ii)1 markState the function of screening in a water treatment facility.
31. 6(c)2 marksDescribe how one could demonstrate the presence of bacteria in a water sample.
32. 7(a)(i)1 markDefine the term 'mitosis'.
33. 7(a)(ii)1 markDefine the term 'meiosis'.
34. 7(a)(iii)1 markDefine the term 'genetic inheritance'.
35. 7(b)2 marksComplete the sequence of mitotic stages shown in Figure 3 by writing the correct letters in order starting from D.
36. 7(c)(i)2 marksGive TWO reasons why mitotic cell division is important in living organisms.
37. 7(c)(ii)2 marksState TWO occurrences of mitosis within the human body.
38. 7(c)(iii)1 markSuggest ONE application of mitosis in medical science.
39. 8(a)(i)2 marksState TWO functions of bones in the human body.
40. 8(a)(ii)1 markState the function of cartilage in humans.
41. 8(b)(i)1 markSelect the process (diffusion, osmosis, or active transport) by which oxygen moves into the lungs from the air.
42. 8(b)(ii)2 marksDescribe how oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
43. 8(b)(iii)4 marksExplain the process by which green plants produce oxygen.
44. 9(a)(i)1 markDefine what is meant by a 'pollutant'.
45. 9(a)(ii)2 marksState TWO causes of water pollution.
46. 9(b)(i)1 markName ONE process or activity, other than motor vehicle combustion, that produces carbon monoxide.
47. 9(b)(ii)2 marksExplain the physiological impact of carbon monoxide on the human body.
48. 9(b)(iii)2 marksSuggest TWO measures a community can take to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
49. 9(c)2 marksSuggest TWO human activities responsible for increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
50. 10(a)(i)1 markName the causative organism of AIDS.
51. 10(a)(ii)2 marksState TWO modes of transmission for HIV.
52. 10(a)(iii)2 marksSuggest TWO ways an individual diagnosed with AIDS can manage the disease.
53. 10(b)1 markExplain why people living with AIDS are more vulnerable to opportunistic infections like tuberculosis.
54. 10(c)4 marksOutline TWO social impacts and TWO economic impacts of AIDS on Caribbean societies.
55. 11(a)2 marksDefine the term 'homeostasis' and explain its significance in humans.
56. 11(b)3 marksExplain the meaning of 'homeothermy' and identify the principal organ involved in its regulation.
57. 11(c)5 marksSuggest FIVE health complications associated with poorly controlled blood glucose levels.
58. 11(d)10 marksExplain how the body regulates blood glucose levels following a high-carbohydrate meal.
59. 12(a)(i)1 markIdentify which trophic position in a food chain (beginning, middle, or end) possesses the greatest amount of energy.
60. 12(a)(ii)1 markIdentify at which point in a food chain photosynthesis takes place.
61. 12(a)(iii)3 marksConstruct a food chain showing the correct sequence among: big fish, water weed, small fish, and tadpole.
62. 12(b)(i)6 marksExplain how weedicide accumulated to toxic levels in humans by analyzing its concentration across each trophic level of the marine food chain.
63. 12(b)(ii)6 marksExplain how the physical removal of seaweed caused the collapse of marine life and death of local coral reefs.
64. 12(c)3 marksExplain how agricultural runoff from farming near a river can result in the biological death of the river (eutrophication).
65. 13(a)1 markDefine the term 'sterilization' in relation to disease prevention.
66. 13(b)(i)3 marksExplain how thermal processing during canning prevents fish spoilage over extended storage.
67. 13(b)(ii)1 markName ONE other food preservation method that utilizes high temperatures.
68. 13(c)(i)2 marksDefine 'antibiotic' as applied in pharmaceuticals.
69. 13(c)(ii)1 markGive ONE example of an antibiotic.
70. 13(c)(iii)4 marksExplain how misuse of antibiotics can disrupt the normal gut microbiome.
71. 13(c)(iv)4 marksExplain why antibiotic use must be strictly regulated and prescribed by a physician.
72. 13(d)4 marksOutline the key information to display regarding: (i) causative agent, (ii) vector/reservoir, and (iii) mode of transmission of leptospirosis.
73. 14(a)(i)5 marksState the physiological function of each labelled part of the molar tooth shown in Figure 4 (enamel, dentine, pulp, cement, root).
74. 14(a)(ii)7 marksExplain to a patient how bacteria cause tooth decay leading to dental cavities.
75. 14(a)(iii)4 marksRecommend TWO oral hygiene practices to avoid future cavities, explaining the mechanism of effectiveness for each.
76. 14(b)4 marksExplain how the loss of all canines and molars impacts an individual's ability to ingest and process food.