CAPE Biology Unit 2 · 2005 · Paper 2

41 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)4 marksOutline an experiment, based on the apparatus in Figures 1 A and B, to measure oxygen uptake in germinating beans.
2. 1(b)1 markState the purpose of the thermometers used in the experimental apparatus in Figures 1 A and B.
3. 1(c)2 marksSuggest whether the beans soaked in potassium cyanide will take up oxygen and provide ONE reason for your answer.
4. 1(d)1 markState what conclusion can be drawn from the results of Experiment 1 shown in Figure 2.
5. 1(e)2 marksAn artificial lipid vesicle with a proton pump and ATP synthase is used to pump hydrogen ions into the vesicle to create a gradient, which diffuse out through ATP synthase to produce ATP. What conclusion can be drawn…
6. 2(a)4 marksDraw the stoma in Figure 3 (A) and the cells immediately surrounding it, as well as any other significant features, at twice the size of the specimen in the photograph (magnification x 2). Labels are not required.
7. 2(b)1 markAccount for the difference in shape of the accessory cell adjacent to the left guard cell in Figure 3 A as compared with B.
8. 2(c)(i)4 marksCollect data from the diagram in Figure 4 and use it to construct a histogram showing the relationship between the time and the width of the stomatal pore over a 24-hour period.
9. 2(c)(ii)1 markAccount for the shape of the histogram between 11.00 a.m. and 3.00 p.m.
10. 3(a)4 marksExplain the procedures used and the calculations required to determine the VO2 max of an athlete.
11. 3(b)(i)1 markCalculate the percentage increase in VO2 max attained by the subject at the end of the 24-month period based on Figure 5.
12. 3(b)(ii)1 markSuggest why muscle fibres that increase in cross-sectional area in the first two months do not achieve further diameter increase over the remaining 22 months.
13. 3(b)(iii)1 markIf muscle cells do not increase in size, suggest how muscles continue to cause an increase in VO2 max.
14. 3(b)(iv)2 marksExplain why, when training ceases at 24 months, curves 's' and 'u' decline abruptly while curves 't' and 'v' decrease more slowly.
15. 3(b)(v)1 markOn the graph in Figure 5, draw the letter X at the points showing the 50% VO2 max value at 18, 20, and 22 months.
16. 4(a)10 marksExplain how ATP and NADPH are synthesized in chloroplasts.
17. 4(b)6 marksBriefly outline the THREE main processes of the Calvin cycle and discuss why the processes stop in the dark.
18. 4(c)4 marksForty morning glory plants are crowded together in a well-watered pot under a sealed bell jar in full sunshine, while twenty plants grow in a poorly-watered pot in shade under a sealed bell jar with a lizard. Indicate,…
19. 5(a)(i)5 marksExplain how a pyramid of numbers is constructed and, using TWO examples, explain why there may be inconsistencies in the shapes of the pyramid.
20. 5(a)(ii)5 marksExplain why pyramids of standing crop biomass are more accurate in recording trophic level measurements and describe how they vary seasonally.
21. 5(b)(i)6 marksIn Alaskan temperate forests there may be fewer than 50 tree and shrub species per hectare, while Guyanese forests have over 500 species per hectare. Discuss the effects of the variety of plant species in Guyana on the…
22. 5(b)(ii)4 marksDiscuss how the stability of an ecosystem is related to its species diversity.
23. 6(a)(i)6 marksDescribe the forces and conditions which cause blood from the right atrium to enter and fill the right ventricle.
24. 6(a)(ii)4 marksThe right and left ventricles force blood out of the heart at pressures of approximately 4 kPa and 16 kPa respectively. Explain why this difference is necessary.
25. 6(b)(i)4 marksDiscuss how the blood vessels of the circulatory system are adapted structurally and functionally to the distribution of blood.
26. 6(b)(ii)3 marksDiscuss how the blood vessels of the circulatory system are adapted structurally and functionally to the return of blood.
27. 6(b)(iii)3 marksDiscuss how the blood vessels of the circulatory system are adapted structurally and functionally to the interchange of substances with the tissues.
28. 7(a)10 marksWith specific reference to the cells, explain how the structure of phloem is related to its function.
29. 7(b)(i)2 marksState concisely the pressure flow hypothesis, clearly distinguishing between a source and a sink.
30. 7(b)(ii)4 marksIdentify the sources and sinks in the bean seedling and in the sweet potato vine.
31. 7(c)4 marksWith reference to the bean seedling, outline the pathway a water molecule would take from the soil solution to the atmosphere via the xylem.
32. 8(a)(i)4 marksDescribe the causes and effects of protein energy malnutrition (PEM).
33. 8(a)(ii)4 marksDescribe the causes and effects of anorexia.
34. 8(b)(i)1 markState what is meant by the abbreviation 'DRV'.
35. 8(b)(ii)1 markState ONE advantage of fibre in the diet.
36. 8(c)10 marksGive reasons why a diet high in saturated fats is associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD).
37. 9(a)(i)2 marksState briefly what is meant by a humoral immune response.
38. 9(a)(ii)2 marksState briefly what is meant by a cell mediated immune response.
39. 9(b)6 marksExplain what is meant by the term 'monoclonal antibody' and describe the use of monoclonal antibodies in ONE diagnosis and ONE treatment procedure.
40. 9(c)(i)6 marksDistinguish between the two methods by which artificial immunity can be acquired and suggest the advantages and disadvantages of this type of immunity.
41. 9(c)(ii)4 marksWith reference to the immune response generated, indicate how artificial immunity is beneficial to young children.