CAPE Biology Unit 2 · May/June 2025 · Paper 2 · Question 1(a)(i)

Plants use light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis to harvest sunlight energy, which then drives light-independent reactions. Figure 1 illustrates a simplified Calvin cycle, where unshaded circles represent carbon atoms and shaded circles represent phosphate molecules.

Name the THREE stages of the light-independent reactions that occur in the Calvin cycle, labelled X, Y and Z in Figure 1.

This question uses a figure or table from the paper — you'll see it when you practise.