CAPE Biology Unit 2 · 2011 · Paper 2

32 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)(i)4 marksIdentify the structures labelled A, B, C, and D in Figure 1.
2. 1(a)(ii)5 marksMake a detailed drawing showing the cellular organization of the region highlighted by Box X in Figure 1, at two times the actual size of Box X (no labels required).
3. 1(a)(iii)1 markGiven that the photomicrograph in Figure 1 is magnified 150 times, calculate the actual width of the specimen from Y1 to Y2.
4. 1(b)(i)2 marksDefine the term 'biological pyramid'.
5. 1(b)(ii)1 markIdentify the type of biological pyramid shown in Figure 2.
6. 1(b)(iii)2 marksBriefly explain the significance of the numerical values given in Figure 2.
7. 2(a)(i)1 markState the role of the syringe in the apparatus.
8. 2(a)(ii)2 marksState TWO precautions that must be taken when setting up the apparatus in Figure 3.
9. 2(a)(iii)1 markState TWO measurements that must be recorded to calculate the rate of transpiration.
10. 2(a)(iv)1 markState what should be done to ensure reliability of the results.
11. 2(a)(v)2 marksDescribe how this apparatus could be used to investigate the effect of sunlight on transpiration, and suggest a possible control for the experiment.
12. 2(b)(i)3 marksUsing arrows labelled A, B, and C, indicate on Figure 4 where: (a) A – water leaves the loop of Henle by osmosis; (b) B – sodium ions and chloride ions leave the loop of Henle by diffusion; (c) C – sodium ions and…
13. 2(b)(ii)1 markAccount for the large number of mitochondria in the cells in the region of the loop of Henle labelled C.
14. 2(b)(iii)2 marksExplain how the concentration of the urine of small mammals inhabiting a desert differs from that of small mammals inhabiting a moist tropical forest, and suggest ONE structural modification of the loop of Henle…
15. 2(b)(iv)2 marksIdentify the regions of the nephron which may not have been functioning properly when protein and glucose are detected in a human urine sample.
16. 3(a)(i)2 marksExplain what is meant by the term 'incidence rate' as applied to diseases.
17. 3(a)(ii)5 marksDraw a bar graph of the data in Table 1 for the Dominican Republic and Mexico on the provided grid.
18. 3(a)(iii)2 marksCompare the trend in incidence rates for Costa Rica with that of Argentina and state TWO major differences observed.
19. 3(b)(i)4 marksOn Figure 5 describe, using annotations on the lines provided, the events occurring at Stages 1, 2, 4, and 8.
20. 3(b)(ii)2 marksState TWO distinct routes, other than sexual intercourse, by which HIV can be transmitted to human beings.
21. 4(a)3 marksDefine the term 'phosphorylation' and distinguish between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
22. 4(b)4 marksDiscuss TWO similarities and TWO differences between the chemical reactions which occur during photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
23. 4(c)(i)5 marksDistinguish among the following terms as they relate to the nitrogen cycle: nitrification, denitrification, and nitrogen fixation.
24. 4(c)(ii)3 marksA farmer experiencing difficulty growing grass is advised to plant alfalfa along with the grass and plough the legume into the soil after reaping. Suggest THREE ways in which this practice enables him to have a better…
25. 5(a)(i)4 marksExplain why haemoglobin functions as an efficient carrier of oxygen in blood.
26. 5(a)(ii)4 marksUsing haemoglobin as an example, and with the aid of a diagram, describe an oxygen dissociation curve.
27. 5(b)(i)2 marksBriefly explain the term 'translocation' as applied to plants.
28. 5(b)(ii)5 marksOutline the principle of mass flow and discuss, using TWO examples, experimental evidence in support of mass flow as a possible mechanism of translocation.
29. 6(a)(i)4 marksDistinguish between 'cell-mediated' and 'humoral immune' responses.
30. 6(a)(ii)4 marksExplain the immunological process responsible for Kayla not becoming ill when caring for a baby with measles ten years after her own initial infection.
31. 6(b)(i)4 marksDistinguish between physical and psychological dependence on drugs.
32. 6(b)(ii)3 marksExplain THREE possible effects of long-term consumption of half a litre of rum daily on the nervous system.