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2 marksThe Kidney, Excretion and Osmoregulation

CAPE Biology Unit 2 · 2011 · Paper 2 · Question 2(b)(iii)

A diagrammatic representation of the loop of Henle of a nephron is provided.

Explain how the concentration of the urine of small mammals inhabiting a desert differs from that of small mammals inhabiting a moist tropical forest, and suggest ONE structural modification of the loop of Henle responsible for this difference.

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Other parts of this question

  1. 2(a)(i)State the role of the syringe in the apparatus.[1 mark]
  2. 2(a)(ii)State TWO precautions that must be taken when setting up the apparatus in Figure 3.[2 marks]
  3. 2(a)(iii)State TWO measurements that must be recorded to calculate the rate of transpiration.[1 mark]
  4. 2(a)(iv)State what should be done to ensure reliability of the results.[1 mark]
  5. 2(a)(v)Describe how this apparatus could be used to investigate the effect of sunlight on transpiration, and suggest a possible control for the experiment.[2 marks]
  6. 2(b)(i)Using arrows labelled A, B, and C, indicate on Figure 4 where: (a) A – water leaves the loop of Henle by osmosis; (b) B – sodium ions and chloride ions leave…[3 marks]
  7. 2(b)(ii)Account for the large number of mitochondria in the cells in the region of the loop of Henle labelled C.[1 mark]
  8. 2(b)(iv)Identify the regions of the nephron which may not have been functioning properly when protein and glucose are detected in a human urine sample.[2 marks]

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