CAPE Biology Unit 2 · 2004 · Paper 2

48 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)2 marksExplain why daily carbon gain in Shorea leprosula is higher in uniform sunlight than in flecked sunlight.
2. 1(b)(i)1 markDetermine the difference in daily carbon gain in Shorea leprosula grown in flecked sunshine and uniform sunshine at 350 units of carbon dioxide.
3. 1(b)(ii)1 markDetermine the difference in daily carbon gain in Shorea leprosula grown in flecked sunshine and uniform sunshine at 700 units of carbon dioxide.
4. 1(c)(i)1 markDetermine the average, MAXIMUM photosynthetic rate of Shorea leprosula at elevated carbon dioxide concentration (700 units).
5. 1(c)(ii)1 markDetermine the average, MAXIMUM photosynthetic rate of Shorea leprosula at ambient carbon dioxide concentration.
6. 1(d)1 markCalculate the difference in photosynthetic rate between the elevated and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations in (c)(i) and (ii).
7. 1(e)2 marksExplain why the daily carbon gain in Shorea leprosula is higher at 700 units of CO2 than at 350 units of CO2.
8. 1(f)1 markSuggest why carbon gain does not double as CO2 concentration doubles.
9. 2(a)1 markName the cells labelled A in Figure 2.
10. 2(b)1 markSuggest the effect on the phloem if the cells labelled A in Figure 2 were killed.
11. 2(c)1 markDetermine the average diameter of the pores in the sieve plate in Figure 2.
12. 2(d)(i)1 markWith reference to Figure 3, relate water uptake in the mango tree to the time of day.
13. 2(d)(ii)2 marksWith reference to Figure 4, relate transpiration rate in the mango tree to the time of day.
14. 2(d)(iii)2 marksDeduce why the graph in Figure 3, showing water uptake in the mango tree, lags in time behind the graph showing transpiration rate in Figure 4.
15. 2(d)(iv)1 markWhat is the rate of transpiration of the tree when its water uptake is 22 grams?
16. 2(d)(v)1 markSuggest the purpose for which the excess water that is retained by the mango tree is used.
17. 3(a)(i)2 marksGive the MOST likely methods of transmission of AIDS in the 0 - 4 age group.
18. 3(a)(ii)1 markGive the MOST likely methods of transmission of AIDS in the 5 - 14 age group.
19. 3(b)(i)1 markIn the spaces (1), (2) and (3) in Table 1, calculate and write the percentage sales for EACH of the THREE age groups.
20. 3(b)(ii)3 marksUse the data in Table 1 to complete the histogram in Figure 6, and fill in the missing age ranges on the horizontal x-axis.
21. 3(c)(i)2 marksFrom the data in Figure 5 and Table 1 or Figure 6, compare percentage condom sales with the percentage of AIDS cases in the late 20's age group.
22. 3(c)(ii)1 markSuggest ONE adjustment that could be made by the centres (CDC and CPPC) in order to simplify the comparison of the TWO sets of data.
23. 4(a)(i)2 marksExplain the need for the initial phosphorylations during the process of glycolysis.
24. 4(a)(ii)2 marksExplain the need for the presence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) during the process of glycolysis.
25. 4(a)(iii)2 marksExplain the need for the presence of inorganic phosphate during the process of glycolysis.
26. 4(a)(iv)2 marksExplain the need for the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) / NAD during the process of glycolysis.
27. 4(a)(v)2 marksExplain the need for the conversion of hexose to triose during the process of glycolysis.
28. 4(b)5 marks"The anaerobic pathway used by animals has more potential for energy conservation than anaerobic respiration in plants." Discuss this statement by reference to the TWO pathways.
29. 4(c)5 marksDiscuss the value to humans of ethanol production by microorganisms.
30. 5(a)10 marksDescribe the carbon cycle.
31. 5(b)5 marksDistinguish between a food web and a food chain. Discuss which one is the more accurate representation of feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
32. 5(c)5 marks"The flow of energy is fundamentally different from the flow of nutrients through ecosystems." Discuss this statement.
33. 6(a)(i)2 marksDescribe the structure of a red blood cell.
34. 6(a)(ii)4 marksExplain how red blood cells have the ability to carry large amounts of oxygen.
35. 6(a)(iii)2 marksDescribe how old erythrocytes are removed from the blood and disposed of in the body.
36. 6(a)(iv)2 marksExplain why haemoglobin is NOT lost from the blood into the urine.
37. 6(b)(i)8 marksDuring a space mission, a fault in the air filters caused an increase in carbon dioxide in the air. Discuss how this affects the oxygenation of the blood and the offloading of oxygen in the tissues.
38. 6(b)(ii)2 marksOn earth, at sea level, an oxygen partial pressure of 5 kPa results in a 50% saturation of haemoglobin by oxygen, and a partial pressure of 10 kPa results in a 95% saturation of haemoglobin. What would be the effect, in…
39. 7(a)(i)2 marksDistinguish between a motor and a sensory neuron.
40. 7(a)(ii)8 marksDescribe the specialised structures AND the functions of the parts of a neuron.
41. 7(b)5 marksCocaine blocks the re-uptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine into the pre-synaptic neuron. Acetylcholine is the only neurotransmitter released at the synapses between neurons and skeletal muscles. Acetylcholine is…
42. 7(c)5 marksCompare the transmission of an action potential along a myelinated neuron with transmission along an un-myelinated neuron.
43. 8(a)(i)8 marksDescribe the short term and long term effects of alcohol on the brain.
44. 8(a)(ii)2 marksWhat is meant by alcohol tolerance?
45. 8(b)10 marks"Cigarette smoking especially affects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems." Discuss this statement.
46. 9(a)10 marksDefine the term 'transgenic animal' OR 'transgenic plant'. Outline the method by which a transgenic plant AND a transgenic animal can be produced.
47. 9(b)5 marksDiscuss the environmental safety and ethical implications of genetically modified foods AND human clones.
48. 9(c)5 marksDefine the term 'restriction enzyme'. Design, in outline, an experiment to show how a restriction enzyme can be used to remove a section of a genome.