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4 marksForces of Attraction

CAPE Chemistry Unit 1 · May/June 2025 · Paper 2 · Question 1(c)(i)

Substance S is a solid with a low melting point. A student determines its melting point using a thermometer, capillary tubes (sealed at one end), 500 mL beaker, Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze, and tap water.

Outline fully the steps involved in the procedure that the student would follow in order to obtain the melting point of Substance S.

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Other parts of this question

  1. 1(a)(i)State TWO factors which influence the values of the first ionization energy.[2 marks]
  2. 1(a)(ii)Explain how the ionization energy data provides evidence for the idea of subshells, using appropriate elements from the sketch in Figure 1.[4 marks]
  3. 1(b)(i)Complete Table 1 by calculating the values of Log10 IE (Ionization Energy).[1 mark]
  4. 1(b)(ii)Use the data in Table 1 to plot a graph on page 7, of Log10 IE (Ionization Energy) against number of electrons removed. The first point has been plotted in…[2 marks]
  5. 1(b)(iii)Explain the shape of the graph.[3 marks]
  6. 1(b)(iv)State the electronic configuration of Element D, based on the shape of the graph.[1 mark]
  7. 1(c)(ii)Based on the melting point data obtained, the student concludes that S is a covalent compound. Further analysis reveals that it is nonpolar. State whether…[1 mark]
  8. 1(c)(iii)It was determined that Substance S is a solid with a low melting point. Describe the type of forces of attraction that exist between the molecules of Substance…[2 marks]
  9. 1(d)(i)Explain the change from a solid to a liquid state using kinetic theory.[2 marks]
  10. 1(d)(ii)Explain the nature of the liquid state using kinetic theory.[2 marks]
  11. 1(d)(iii)Explain the change from liquid to the gaseous state using kinetic theory.[2 marks]
  12. 1(e)(i)Calculate the molar mass of the liquid. [R = 8.314 J K^-1 mol^-1.][3 marks]
  13. 1(e)(ii)Suggest which measurement used in the calculation of the molar mass is subject to the greatest error.[1 mark]

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