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2 marksForces of Attraction

CAPE Chemistry Unit 1 · May/June 2025 · Paper 2 · Question 1(c)(iii)

Substance S is a solid with a low melting point. A student determines its melting point using a thermometer, capillary tubes (sealed at one end), 500 mL beaker, Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze, and tap water.

It was determined that Substance S is a solid with a low melting point. Describe the type of forces of attraction that exist between the molecules of Substance S.

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  1. 1(a)(i)State TWO factors which influence the values of the first ionization energy.[2 marks]
  2. 1(a)(ii)Explain how the ionization energy data provides evidence for the idea of subshells, using appropriate elements from the sketch in Figure 1.[4 marks]
  3. 1(b)(i)Complete Table 1 by calculating the values of Log10 IE (Ionization Energy).[1 mark]
  4. 1(b)(ii)Use the data in Table 1 to plot a graph on page 7, of Log10 IE (Ionization Energy) against number of electrons removed. The first point has been plotted in…[2 marks]
  5. 1(b)(iii)Explain the shape of the graph.[3 marks]
  6. 1(b)(iv)State the electronic configuration of Element D, based on the shape of the graph.[1 mark]
  7. 1(c)(i)Outline fully the steps involved in the procedure that the student would follow in order to obtain the melting point of Substance S.[4 marks]
  8. 1(c)(ii)Based on the melting point data obtained, the student concludes that S is a covalent compound. Further analysis reveals that it is nonpolar. State whether…[1 mark]
  9. 1(d)(i)Explain the change from a solid to a liquid state using kinetic theory.[2 marks]
  10. 1(d)(ii)Explain the nature of the liquid state using kinetic theory.[2 marks]
  11. 1(d)(iii)Explain the change from liquid to the gaseous state using kinetic theory.[2 marks]
  12. 1(e)(i)Calculate the molar mass of the liquid. [R = 8.314 J K^-1 mol^-1.][3 marks]
  13. 1(e)(ii)Suggest which measurement used in the calculation of the molar mass is subject to the greatest error.[1 mark]

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