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2 marksRespiration and Air Pollution

CSEC Integrated Science · May/June 2013 · Paper 2 · Question 1(a)(i)

Ricki is training for a marathon along a route with a steep hill.

Describe how Ricki's chest (intercostal) muscles and ribcage operate to cause inhalation and exhalation of air.

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Other parts of this question

  1. 1(a)(ii)Suggest how his breathing rate changes as he runs up the hill.[1 mark]
  2. 1(a)(iii)Give a reason for the suggested change in breathing rate while running uphill.[1 mark]
  3. 1(a)(iv)Explain how the movement of Ricki's diaphragm allows him to breathe in when singing or engaging in strenuous activity.[3 marks]
  4. 1(b)(i)State ONE difference between the air that Ricki inhales and the air that he exhales.[1 mark]
  5. 1(b)(ii)State a second difference between the air that Ricki inhales and the air that he exhales.[1 mark]
  6. 1(c)(i)State the term used to describe this type of respiration.[1 mark]
  7. 1(c)(ii)Write a word equation for the process of respiration that involves oxygen.[2 marks]
  8. 1(c)(iii)Name ONE nutrient Ricki can use to provide sufficient energy for his exercise.[1 mark]
  9. 1(d)(i)Using Figure 1 on page 5, which shows data for non-smokers, plot a graph to represent the data for tobacco smokers from Table 1.[5 marks]
  10. 1(d)(ii)Label the axes on the graph in Figure 1.[2 marks]
  11. 1(d)(iii)State an appropriate title for the graph.[1 mark]
  12. 1(d)(iv)According to the trends in the graphs, at what age did the SAME number of smokers and non-smokers die?[1 mark]
  13. 1(d)(v)From the graph, determine the age at which 250 non-smokers will die.[1 mark]
  14. 1(d)(vi)Based on the trends shown in the graphs, state what can be concluded about the effect of smoking tobacco on life expectancy.[1 mark]
  15. 1(d)(vii)State ONE likely difference between the lungs of smokers and the lungs of non-smokers.[1 mark]

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