CAPE Environmental Science Unit 2 · 2010 · Paper 2

54 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)(i)4 marksDescribe the trend shown in Figure 1.
2. 1(a)(ii)3 marksState THREE pieces of information that are vital when employing this method of pest control.
3. 1(a)(iii)6 marksSuggest THREE reasons why this method of pest control was recommended.
4. 1(a)(iv)3 marksWhy would the agriculture officer advise the farmer to try always to maintain the biological control agent at the level C shown in Figure 1?
5. 1(b)4 marksThe farmer on a nearby farm decided to continue to employ chemical control methods. Why do you think that the farmer made this decision in spite of his knowledge of biological pest control? Suggest TWO reasons for your…
6. 2(a)3 marksDistinguish between 'genetic engineering' and 'plant and animal breeding'.
7. 2(b)(i)4 marksDescribe the trend shown in Figure 2.
8. 2(b)(ii)1 markIn which year was the average size of farms 4 hectares?
9. 2(b)(iii)6 marksSuggest THREE reasons for the trend observed in Figure 2.
10. 2(c)6 marksSuggest TWO reasons for the recommendation above.
11. 3(a)(i)3 marksComment on the causes of soil degradation as shown in Figure 3. Include specific values in your response.
12. 3(a)(ii)1 markWhat mechanism caused the LEAST soil degradation?
13. 3(a)(iii)1 markWhat percentage of soil degradation on Farm B was caused by erosion?
14. 3(b)4 marksConservation tillage would be a good measure for reducing soil degradation. Give TWO reasons to support the statement above.
15. 3(c)(i)3 marksWhat is meant by 'mechanization in agriculture'?
16. 3(c)(ii)8 marksSuggest FOUR reasons why farmers in some rural areas may not wish to increase the level of mechanization in their farming operations.
17. 4(a)(i)3 marksDescribe the trend observed in sales of light bulbs in the Caribbean over the nine-year period shown in Figure 4. Include specific values in your response.
18. 4(a)(ii)1 markIn what year were there sales of 5 million fluorescent bulbs?
19. 4(a)(iii)1 markHow many bulbs were sold when sales for BOTH types of bulbs were equal?
20. 4(a)(iv)4 marksSuggest TWO reasons for the trend observed in the graph in Figure 4.
21. 4(b)(i)3 marksWhat is meant by 'combined cycles'?
22. 4(b)(ii)8 marksWould you recommend the use of combined cycles as a process for generating energy in your country? Suggest FOUR reasons to justify your response.
23. 5(a)(i)3 marksOutline the trend in annual rate of growth in use for the energy sources shown in Table 1. Include specific values in your response.
24. 5(a)(ii)3 marksSuggest ONE reason for the trends observed in (i) above.
25. 5(b)(i)8 marksJustify the locating of this conventional electricity generating facility within the coastal area as proposed by the manager. Give at least FOUR reasons to support your answer.
26. 5(b)(ii)6 marksOutline TWO environmental impacts that the manager of the company should consider before implementing his decision.
27. 6(a)4 marksOutline the overall demand pattern for energy from fossil fuels shown in Figure 5. Include specific values in your answer.
28. 6(b)6 marksSuggest THREE reasons for the demand pattern shown in Figure 5.
29. 6(c)6 marksIdentify and discuss TWO environmental concerns that the Minister may have regarding the energy demand pattern as shown in Figure 5.
30. 6(d)4 marksFor EACH of the concerns identified in (c) above, make ONE recommendation.
31. 7(a)(i)2 marksList TWO primary air pollutants.
32. 7(a)(ii)2 marksWhy is nitrogen dioxide considered a secondary air pollutant?
33. 7(b)(i)1 markUnder what condition is ozone NOT considered a pollutant?
34. 7(b)(ii)2 marksExplain your response to (b)(i) above.
35. 7(c)(i)4 marksOutline the formation of acid rain.
36. 7(c)(ii)4 marksExplain how acid rain results in the destruction of vegetation.
37. 7(d)(i)1 markIdentify which of Sites A and B was the experimental site and which was the control site.
38. 7(d)(ii)1 markOn which day did construction begin on the site?
39. 7(d)(iii)1 markOn which day did construction finally end on the site?
40. 7(d)(iv)2 marksExplain how you arrived at the answers to (d)(i) and (ii) above.
41. 8(a)(i)1 markAt what distance from the sewage plant is the dissolved oxygen concentration at its LOWEST?
42. 8(a)(ii)1 markWhat is the LOWEST dissolved oxygen concentration in the river?
43. 8(a)(iii)1 markGiven that fish must have a minimum of 3 mg/L dissolved oxygen for survival, for what distance downstream of the sewage treatment plant is the river completely without fish?
44. 8(b)(i)3 marksCopy and complete Table 2 to show the name and ONE source of THREE different water pollutants EXCEPT nitrates.
45. 8(b)(ii)4 marksOutline how TWO of the pollutants you mentioned in (b)(i) above impact the environment.
46. 8(c)5 marksExplain how a shark can exhibit possibly dangerous levels of mercury, if it does not come into contact with actual metallic mercury, and the concentration of mercury in the ocean is extremely low.
47. 8(d)(i)4 marksYou have been asked to recommend a nitrate-measuring method for your new laboratory. Assuming that you only need to consider the data provided in Table 3, which method would you recommend and why?
48. 8(d)(ii)1 markBefore you can make a final decision on which method to use for your laboratory, what is the MOST important factor that you must take into account?
49. 9(a)(i)2 marksDefine the term 'bioremediation'.
50. 9(a)(ii)1 markHow long did it take for the TPH level to drop to 60% of its initial level?
51. 9(a)(iii)2 marksWhat was the loss in actual TPH concentration by the end of the study?
52. 9(a)(iv)3 marksHow do you know that it was the new bacterial culture that accomplished the reduction indicated in Figure 8?
53. 9(b)(i)2 marksOutline the functioning of incineration as a solid waste disposal technique.
54. 9(b)(ii)10 marksIncineration is being considered in a number of Caribbean islands as an alternative to open landfills as a waste disposal technique. Discuss this proposal. Include TWO advantages and THREE disadvantages of incineration…