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4 marksMembrane Structure and Function

CAPE Biology Unit 1 · 2009 · Paper 2 · Question 4(a)(ii)

Phospholipids are a major component of the plasma membrane of a cell and are arranged as a lipid bi-layer. With reference to the properties of phospholipids, explain why these lipids are arranged as a bi-layer in the plasma membrane.

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  1. 4(a)(i)With the aid of a simple diagram, describe the basic structure of a phospholipid. Detailed chemical formulae of the molecules are not required.[5 marks]
  2. 4(b)(i)Osmosis and endocytosis are cellular processes involved in the transport of materials across the plasma membrane. Describe TWO ways in which these processes…[4 marks]
  3. 4(b)(ii)Give TWO examples of the use of endocytosis for the uptake of nutrients in animal systems.[2 marks]

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