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5 marksCrude Oil

CAPE Chemistry Unit 2 · May/June 2026 · Paper 2 · Question 3(a)(i)

This module covers industry and the environment. The petroleum industry employs fractional distillation and cracking to obtain useful products from crude oil.

Outline the principles involved in EACH of the following processes. Fractional distillation. Cracking.

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Other parts of this question

  1. 3(a)(ii)Octane, C8H18, can be cracked to form ethane and one other hydrocarbon. Write an equation to show this reaction.[2 marks]
  2. 3(a)(iii)Reforming is a technique used to produce cycloalkanes from straight chain alkanes. Using an equation, show how cyclomethylhexane can be formed by reforming.[4 marks]
  3. 3(a)(iv)Incomplete combustion of petroleum products releases carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon particles into the environment. Describe how any ONE…[3 marks]
  4. 3(b)(i)Using appropriate equations, show how starch can be converted to ethanol.[4 marks]
  5. 3(b)(ii)It is important to have safety requirements in an ethanol plant. State TWO properties of ethanol that are considered when making the ethanol plant safe.[2 marks]
  6. 3(b)(iii)Ethanol produced from sugar cane residues is used instead of petrol as a fuel in cars. State ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of this practice. Advantage.…[2 marks]
  7. 3(b)(iv)Explain how the overconsumption of ethanol could have a negative economic impact on a society.[3 marks]
  8. 3(c)Outline an experimental procedure that can be used to determine if Brand A white rum has a higher ethanol content than Brand B white rum.[5 marks]

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