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5 marksThe Kidney, Excretion and Osmoregulation

CAPE Biology Unit 2 · 2015 · Paper 2 · Question 5(a)

Explain the mechanism for selective reabsorption of glucose from glomerular filtrate in the kidney, including the role of sodium ions (Na+), and discuss the clinical significance of glucose presence in the urine.

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  1. 5(b)Starting with atrial systole, describe the mammalian cardiac cycle, including cycle initiation and mechanisms preventing reverse blood flow.[4 marks]
  2. 5(c)Explain the regulatory effects of blood carbon dioxide levels and the hormone adrenaline on heart action.[6 marks]

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