CAPE Chemistry Unit 2 · 2010 · Paper 2

46 questions and parts from this paper. Open one to see it in full, then practise it on Quelpr and get it marked against the mark scheme.

1. 1(a)(i)2 marksState the reagents and/or conditions required for reaction I (converting A to D).
2. 1(a)(ii)2 marksState the reagents and/or conditions required for reaction II (converting A to E).
3. 1(b)(i)1 markDraw the structural formula of compound B.
4. 1(b)(ii)1 markDraw the structural formula of compound C.
5. 1(c)(i)1 markExplain what is meant by a 'polymer'.
6. 1(c)(ii)1 markIdentify the type of polymerisation compound A would most likely undergo.
7. 1(c)(iii)1 markName one industrial polymer that results from the polymerisation process identified in (c)(ii).
8. 1(c)(iv)1 markDraw the repeat unit for the polymer formed from compound A.
9. 1(c)(v)2 marksState whether compounds such as those in D can undergo addition polymerisation and justify your answer.
10. 1(d)1 markWrite the general chemical structure of an amino acid.
11. 1(e)2 marksState one similarity and one difference between the structures of nylon 6,6 and proteins.
12. 2(a)(i)1 markDefine the term electromagnetic radiation.
13. 2(a)(ii)1 markDefine the term wavelength.
14. 2(a)(iii)1 markDefine the term frequency.
15. 2(b)4 marksUsing the formula ν = c / λ, calculate the missing values (i) wavelength for frequency 3 x 10^13 Hz and (ii) frequency for wavelength 3.16 m, and identify the corresponding types of electromagnetic radiation (iii) and…
16. 2(c)(i)3 marksState three steps that must be followed when preparing a sample of organic compound X for UV/VIS spectroscopic analysis at 200 nm.
17. 2(c)(ii)2 marksState two properties of complexing reagents that make them suitable for use in UV/VIS analysis.
18. 2(d)(i)1 markCalculate the energy absorbed by one molecule of a compound where ν = 1.5 x 10^15 s^-1 (using E = hν, where h = 6.63 x 10^-34 J s).
19. 2(d)(ii)2 marksCalculate the energy absorbed by one mole of the compound.
20. 3(a)(i)2 marksIdentify two gases present in unpolluted air that contribute to rain water having a pH of 5.6.
21. 3(a)(ii)2 marksIdentify a natural source for each of the two gases identified in (a)(i).
22. 3(a)(iii)2 marksWrite a balanced chemical equation showing the reaction of one of the gases from (a)(i) with water.
23. 3(b)(i)2 marksBriefly outline two factors responsible for acid rain in industrialized, heavily populated areas.
24. 3(b)(ii)2 marksSuggest two environmental effects of acid rain.
25. 3(c)(i)1 markSuggest a precaution you would take to ensure no external contamination occurs when sampling potable water suspected of containing Pb^2+ and NO3^- ions.
26. 3(c)(ii)2 marksName one reagent used to confirm contamination by Pb^2+ and one reagent to confirm contamination by NO3^-.
27. 3(c)(iii)2 marksState the expected observations for the tests using the reagents named in (c)(ii) if Pb^2+ and NO3^- are present.
28. 4(a)2 marksExplain why compounds A and B are structural isomers.
29. 4(b)2 marksName two functional groups present in both molecules A and B.
30. 4(c)(i)2 marksDraw the displayed formula of compound A and circle the chiral carbon atom on the molecule.
31. 4(c)(ii)3 marksDraw the geometrical isomers (cis and trans / E and Z) of compound B, and explain why B has no optical isomers.
32. 4(d)(i)2 marksExplain what is meant by the term 'cracking'.
33. 4(d)(ii)a)2 marksWrite the chemical equation for the cracking of octane, C8H18, into two hydrocarbon fragments containing the same number of carbon atoms.
34. 4(d)(ii)b)2 marksDescribe a simple laboratory test to distinguish between the two hydrocarbon fragments formed from cracking octane.
35. 5(a)3 marksState three molecular characteristics that can be determined from mass spectral data.
36. 5(b)(i)2 marksDetermine the m/e ratio of the M and M + 1 peaks.
37. 5(b)(ii)3 marksDeduce the formula of the fragment ions at m/e ratios: 43, 63, and 65.
38. 5(b)(iii)3 marksDeduce the formula of the M and M + 1 molecular ion species and provide the systematic name of the compound.
39. 5(c)2 marksGiven chlorine has two isotopes of relative atomic masses 34.97 (75.77% abundance) and 36.96 (24.23% abundance), calculate the average relative atomic mass of naturally occurring chlorine.
40. 5(d)2 marksState two industrial applications of chromatography.
41. 6(a)2 marksIdentify the raw material source and the process used to produce nitrogen.
42. 6(b)(i)1 markState the name of the process used to obtain hydrogen from natural gas and steam.
43. 6(b)(ii)2 marksWrite the chemical equation for the production of hydrogen from natural gas and steam.
44. 6(c)2 marksUsing Le Chatelier's principle, describe the reaction conditions (temperature and pressure) under which optimal equilibrium yields of ammonia can be obtained.
45. 6(d)2 marksAccount for the differences between the theoretical optimal conditions described in (c) and the actual conditions used in the Haber Process.
46. 6(e)6 marksComplete Table 2 by suggesting one source and one polluting effect for each of the following pollutants: NO3^-, PO4^3-, and Pb^2+.